Meter Installations 


and 


Meter Rates 


By E. I. ROBERTS 


ASSISTANT ENGINEER 


STATE OF OHIO 
‘DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH 


=. COLUMBUS 


eel JNIVERSITY 9} bis 
CoLumsBus, OHI0o:  - INIVERSITY OF ILLINGIS 
THE F. J. HEER PRINTING Co." 


1923 
Bound at State Bindery. 


Pinar reer 


Pam 


ns 


GAB ll 7 
On3 ee 


Me LiERARY FE THs 
Phe LiQGANE UF hit 


JUN 13 1994 


UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS 
Meter Installations and Meter Rates 


By E. I. Roperts, Assistant Engineer 
Ohio State Department of Health 


A study*of meter rates and meter installations was undertaken by: 
the State Department of Health of Ohio, as a result of a large demand 
for information on this subject by officials of Ohio cities and villages. 
This demand was brought about by the increased cost in the operation 
of water works. 


The study indicates that for cities and villages of Ohio with services 
100 per cent metered, the average daily consumption is go gallons per 
capita and for cities and villages with no metered services, the average 
daily consumption is 170 gallons per capita. The average domestic 
rate in Ohio for surface water supplies filtered is slightly higher than 
the average domestic rate for well water supplies, while the average 
manufacturing rate for filtered water is slightly less than the average 
manufacturing rate for well water supplies. 

In comparing the water consumptiton of cities and villages with and 
without metered services and in predicting how much metering will 
reduce the water consumption many factors must be taken into considera- 


tion. The more important of ‘these factors are the use of water for 


manufacturing purposes, the use of private industrial water supplies, 
the use of private wells for domestic purposes, the condition of the 
distributing system, the character of the water, the extent to which a 
city or village is sewered and the cost of water. For a lack of definite 
information on these many factors, we have not attempted to draw any 
definite conclusion as to how much water consumption might be reduced 
by complete metering but have simply. recorded the consumption as 
we have found it in the various cities and villages. 


One cannot conclude that the rates as they exist in Ohio 
indicate that filtered water is necessarily more expensive than well water 
since the installation of water purification plants has generally been more 
recent than the installation of well water supplies. As a result rates for 
filtered water have been increased in some instances to meet the cost of 
installation rather than the cost of producing water. We, therefore, 
cannot draw any definite conclusion from these rates but must simply 
state the rates as they are found to exist. 


3 


4 


In making a study covering such a large number of cities and vil- 
lages (150) as we have included in our list for study, it has been neces- 
sary to rely largely upon the cooperation of the officials connected with 
the various water works under consideration. For the most part, we 
have had the full and hearty cooperation of these officials. 

Information for this study was obtained from three sources; viz.: 
inforamtion blanks sent out to each water works official; monthly re- 
ports on the operation of water purification plants, and records of investi- 
gations made by representatives of the State Health Department. 

The largest amount of information was obtained from blanks sent 
out to water works officials. Each official was asked to furnish informa- 
tion on the following items: 


Total number of all services. 

Total number of metered services. 

Is metering compulsory? 

Meter reading (monthly or quarterly) 
Meters owned by 

Meters maintained by 

Meters installed by 

Cash deposit required 


de RNP al gh A mal eee ee 


Meter Rates Cents per thousand gallons 
1. Domestic rate . 

(Averaging less than 25,000 gallons per 

imonth) #29) tae 6. SS PE Ss Le iaeee wa ao 
2. Intermediate rate 

(Averaging between 25,000 and 250,000 

gallons; per: month). > 8 ee Eas ee 
3. Manufacturing rate 

Averaging more than 250,000 gallons per 


Month) =~ a) eS eine eee leg a 
Minimum Annual Meter Rate (5/8-inch 
connection ) 
SUMMARY OF DATA ON METERED SERVICES 
Item | Domestic Manufacturing Total 


| Intermediate 
| 


Water consumption—(Water | 
gel 


Number of metered services.. 


Total amount of water sup- 
plied (millions of gals.)... 


Total amount of revenue de- 
rived. (dollars) ye. sesctdte <- 


pumped per 24 hours in 
PALS alee oe lee eres Sears 


—— | | | ee 


Pe Fs 


Fi pV Nee aha he TRA REA |, 


5 


In most instances all of the first eight questions were answered 
completely. Under the item, Meter Rates, most of the officials either 
filled in the blank spaces or submitted a schedule of rates with the in- 


formation blank. 


Under the table, “Summary of Data on Metered Services,” the first 
item, “number of metered services,’ was filled in more completely than 
any of the other items in this table, but the information obtained, in- 
dicated that the different types of services, especially intermediate and 
manufacturing were often confused. This was evidenced in the reports 
of the smaller cities and villages where often the number of manufactur- 
ing services, if they really existed, based on a use of 250,000 gallons or 
more per month, would exceed the total water consumption of the city or 
village. However, this item does give some indication of the number of 
industries using the public water supply for manufacturing purposes. 


Under the second and third items, little information was secured 
and in our tables no consideration was given to them. 


The question of water consumption was omitted on the first blanks 
sent out but was included on a second list which was sent to all cities and 
villages having well water supplies. Consumption for cities and villages 
with water purification plants was obtained from the monthly reports 
of operation received by the State Health Department. 


It has been the practice of the Division of Sanitary Engineering 
where possible, to secure inforamtion regarding water consumption and 
meter installations on each investigation that is made in the field. In 
this way we have secured some data which otherwise would not be 
available. 

For purposes of comparison, cities were divided into six classes, 


Yee, DE, and fF. 


Class A representes all cities with a population of 50,000 or more regardless 
of the type of supply. 

Class B represents cities with populations from 15,000 to 50,000 and which 
purify water by filtration. . 

Class C represents cities with populations from 15,000 to 50,000 which secure 
their water supplies from wells. 

Class D represents cities with populations from 5,000 to 15,00 which purify 
water by filtration. 

Class E represents cities with populations from 5,000 to 15,000 which secure 
their water supplies from wells. 

Class F represents cities with populations from 5,000 to 15,000 which obtain 
water froma surface supply which is not treated in a water purification plant. 


6 . 


Villages were divided into classes, G and H. 


Class G represents villages with populations from 2,000 to 5,000 wines 


purify water by filtration. 
Class H represents villages with populations from 2,000 to 5,000 which secure 


their public water supply from wells. 


The eight classes include all of the cities in Ohio and all of the vil- 
lages having public water supplies and populations from 2,000 to 5,000. 

The data obtained have been compiled in three tables and include 
in addition to the information asked for on the blanks sent out, the type 
of supply and the population served. These tables are the most valuable 
part of our study on meter installation and meter rates. 

A study of these tables indicates the general effect of metering on 
water consumption. This is graphically shown in Plates I and II where 
consumption in gallons per capita per day is plotted against per cent 
of services metered. The graph shows that the average daily consump- 
tion for 100 per cent metered cities and villages in Ohio is 90 gallons and 
the average daily consumption for cities and villages without meters is 
170 gallons. Plotting a curve for cities alone, we find the average daily 
consumption for 100 per cent metered cities to be 100 gallons per capita 
and 170 gallons per capita for cities without meters. The lowering of 
the consumption curve when cities and villages are plotted together is 
probably due to the lack of sewerage systems in many of the villages. 

A summary of the average rates for the various classes of cities and 
villages together with the average consumption and average per cent 
metered is shown in Table I. 


Table I 
Ww 
Lo i Rates—Cents Per Thousand 
a) D Gallons 
ww WW 
a8 ae a 
ES eS 
pas) 
Class z 3 Si 2 = 
» Oi een) aha fe 3 
Ue vg & a) 5 
oO v ses! ~ Cc 
Uns SaaS 5 3) et 
ES 2 He : ; a 
SoU ow 3 ey a Bs 
= n A ks = S 
: | 
AR sis Ree BIO SE ee Le 115 91 15 13 1 8.07 
ee ores gio cen A he A 120 68 I-32 19 13: Oa 
Ccisiri ee Se ee ane eee 105 78 22 | 16 14 7.18 
D s Petia ls erste cies Gok gate Mant oe eat ee 130 63 | ot VA 134 12.20 
Ba oats op Pht ene eee Sle | 105 63 Bae, 99) 15° 9.28 
# Be ISON NCE AIO ot MIS Bn eee 145 i 43 23 11 12 1293 
Ces ce SER hese ee Eee eee | 95 -~ Q5 71 (48) 30 23 10.72 
PAS Seco bias coe ae spt ier, mee cue | 105 63 41} | 23. | 25 8.88 
ae eee ee ee ee OS en ees ee) ol ei 


NOTES — The average consumption for each class is a weighted average according to 


populations of various municipalities. 
The percentage of services metered is obtained by dividing the number of metered services 
by the total number of services for each class. 


280 7 
PLATE I 


STATE or OH/O 
DEPT oF HEALTH 
DIV of SAN Y ENG. 


Curve showing relation 
of water consumption fo , 


~ 240 metering for cities in Qo 

a 

iS 220 

: De ae 

X 200 , | 

Ses 

S 120 

i /60 Piss 

2 /40 ee 

= 

= 720 IN 

> 2 Nee 
/00 es 

< 

8 

Q GO 

» 
40 ar 
20 . ie 

4 2o 40 60 80 /00 


PERCENT ~ METERED 


GALLONS PER CAPITA PER DAY. 


CONSUMPTION 


STATE or OH/O 
DEP'7. of HEALTH 
DIV. of SAN XY ENG. 


Curves pont relation 
tion Jo 


@ 
O 


PERCENT METERED 


9 


It will be noted from this table that the larger the city the lower the 
average cost of water per thousand gallons, and that the average cost 
of filtering water as indicated by the rates for domestic use is slightly 
higher than for well water supplies without filteration. However, the 
average cost of filtered water for manufacturing purposes is slightly 
lower than the cost of well water for manufacturing purposes. In the 
column marked, domestic rate, class G, it will be noted that the rate of 
seventy-one cents is exceptionally high. This is due to the rate charged 
by one village alone which if omitted would bring the domestic rate 
down to forty-eight cents per thousand gallons making it comparable 
with water obtained from wells for villages in the same class. 


Re 2 ieee | DATA 
| METER INSTALLATIONS ano METER RATES 


OHIO CITIES with POPULATIONS ABove 15000 
Compiled by DEPARTMENT of HEALTH, STATE oF OHIO December 1/922. 


Services 


Municipality 


Akron ROEFSS 
Canton 87091 
“Cincinnati | 40/247 
Cleveland : 79684! 111 037 
Columbus 237031 39 786 
Dayton 152559 i/ | 32552 
Springtield - 60840 8000 
Toledo ‘| 243/64 46250 
Youngstown 132358 22458 


DEROLOEOHO 


Ashtabula 22082 
East Liverpool! 2/411 

Cities with| Elyria ‘ 20474 
Lima 4/326 

Lorain ECE 
Newark 4267/8 
Portsmouth. 330// 
Sandusky 22897 
Steubenville 28 508 
Warren 27050 
Alliance 2/603 


= 
595 §9909009 


G. Barberton 
Findlay 
Cities with\ Hamilton 
Mansfield 
Marion 
Massillon 
Middletown 
Norwood 
Zanesville 


TOOHNOLRR 


9 Cities 
// Cities 


Key: F _ = Filtration 
SF = Softening plant 
W 3 Well Supply 
Co = Company 
Con = Consumer 
M =» Monthly 
Q = Quarterly 
SA = Semi-anrnvally 
: = Based on population of city and of nearby municipalities served by city. 


Water waste survey reduced fais yigure srom 16S fo IF tt (922 
AaB:Consumption for Class A&B based on average for /92/. 

(é =Consumption for Class C based on figures obtained trom City for (922. 
Domestic Rate = 25000 gallons or less per month. 

Intermediate Fate= 25000 fo 250000 gallons per month. 

Manufacturing Rate = 250000 gallons per morth OF OVEr- 


ad 


DATA 


METER: INSTALLATIONS ano METER: RATES 


OHIO CITIES wrn POPULATIONS Frou 5000 Tro 1/5000 
Compiled by DEPARTMENT oF HEALTH, STATE of OHIO December 1922 , 


a <7 HMefer 


Rotes 


Fs r) cents per M. gallons \Minimum 

Class Municipality of umber Percent! f, a. F i | Anaval 
etered Meferea (ff ce Charge 

ne yo Yo Meter 


Ashland 
Bellaire 
Cities with| Bucyrus 
Filter Plants | Cambridge 


ofoxk 


x 


DHeo Hop 
Qsxstees 


Ponesrille 
Pormersy &Midd/eport 
Pavenma 

Witfin 


WAAAAARAAADAAANA 


= 


H BVOV > 1 HS 


= 
n 


jE Athens 
: Bellefontaine 

Cities with \ Bewllng Green 
Well Supplies \ Chillicothe 
and Papuafotions| Circlevitte 
from 5000 Coshocton 
to (S000 Cuyohoga Fal/s 
Delphos 
Dorer 
Last Padestire 
Galion 
Gallipolis 
Girerd 
Greenville 
Yackson 
Kenmore 
kent 
Kenton 
Lancaster 
Logan 

artis Ferry 
Mt Verrean 
Ne/sorvilla 
New Philadelphia 
St Berrerd 
Sr Marys 
Solem 
Shelby 
Sidney 
Tro 
Urbana 
Yan Wert 
Wapokorera 
WoshingtonC. 
Wilmington 
Weoster 
xXe7/a 


“ 


QNH HH» 


¢) 
HB EHHHA 


SX FRERT TT ETT TTT TT TT TET ST TTT TTETE 


S 


F Belerwe 
Fostoria 
Citfes with| Fremoar 
Surtees Sup-| Nor walk 
plres Untiltered| Pigua 
and Populitiens | Struvners 
Toronto 
Wellstor 
Wellsville 


GUGHWHUHHY | FHS ZEVES 


/6 Cities 
37 Cities 
I Cites 


F 130 63 37 2/ 134\| /220 
Ww 706 63 29 2/ 1S 928 
s 43 23 v1 /2 7.23 


wey: F Filtration 
SF Softening Plant 
Ww We// Supply 
wy Tron Removal Plant 
S Surface Supply without filtration 
SS Surface Supply with storage reserroir 
Co. Company 
Con. Consumer 
M Monthly . 
o Quarterly 
SA Sem -anrually 


* Based on population of city and meorby municipalities served by city 
Domestic Porte #5000 alions er sess per month 
Intermediate Fare £5000 Fo 850000 gallons per month 


Manufacturing rate 250000 gallens per leomth or over 


Wie 
a 


r 
We 
re 3 
ote 
an 


AUNT 1924 


i. 


© GAWWERSITY. OF ILLINOIS 


amend 


cos 


 - i 


Class 


G 


Villages with 
Filter Plants 
and Populations 
from #2000 
to 5000 


Hf 


Villages with| Bryan 


Well supplies 
and FPopularie, 
trom 2000 
to 5000 


G /# Villages 95 95 | 7 
H 45 Villages 105 63 4 


wey: 


DATA 


METER INSTALLATIONS ano METER RATES 
FoR 


OHIO VILLAGES wire POPULATIONS FROM 2000 te 5000 
Compiled by DEPARTMENT of HEALTH, STATE of OH/0 December /922. 


Services Meters Meter fates 


Monicipality 


Barnesville 
Berea 
faron 
Geneva 
Medina 
Napoleon 
Oberlin 
Port Clinton 
Sebring 

Upper Sandusky 
Wauseon 
Wellington 
Willoughby 
Woodstjeld 


& 
nny 


Ada 
Bradford 


Cadiz 
Carey 
Carrei/ton 
Celina 
Chagrin Falls 
Clyde 
Columbiana 
Crestline 
Franklin 
Glouster 
Greenfield 
Mreksville 
Hills bore 
Hubbard 
Lebanon 
Lishon 

London 
Louisville 
Lowelvi//e 
Marysville 
Maumee / 
Miomis burg 
Millersburg 
Minerra 

Mingo Jer. 
Moat pe lier 

New Comers town 
New Lexington 
North Baltimore 
Orrville 

Orvfowa 

Oxford 

Pouldin 
Perrysburg 
Feadin, 

Saline ville 
Shadyside 
Tippecanoe City 
Wood's warth 
Westerville 
Willard 
Wyorm ing 


LQHHAH | FOHNHH Oo OHHH Qg 


EN 


QO 


= 


PAHBHADB 9 OH gO 


a 


TR VRTTVVGHS TESTS TTT TEE TE TS TTT TET ETSTTVTSETSE TTETEIE | HWANAD 


w 


AVERAGES 


F = Filtration 
Sf = Softening Plant 


W = Well Supply 

4 «© /ron Pemova/l Plont 

S = Surface supply without yil¢ration 

Co = Company 

Con= Consumer 

Val Village 

“wes Monthly 

Q = Quarterly 4 


SA = Sem-annuah 

# (= Based on population of village and nearky municipalites served by village 
Demestic Fate = 25000 petans. or sess ner jel f ae, 
Intermediate Pate = 25000 70 250000 gates per prortth, 

Manufacturing Fate = 250000 gallons per month er over 


4 


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